MOLECULE - Two or more atoms - chemically bonded.
ELEMENT - A PURE substance that consists of ONE type of atom.
COMPOUND - Substances made of two or more different elements - chemically bonded.
MIXTURES - 2 or more different elements - NOT chemically bonded.
THE TABLE O_O
Groups - the same number of electrons on the outer shell, will be in same group.
Periods - the same number of shells.
Metals on left, non-metals on right. Check again on the table :D
Larger number is the RELATIVE ATOM MASS -> protons and neutrons
Smaller number is the ATOMIC NUMBER - > protons
Remember -> SAP :)
Neutrons and protons are nucleons because they are in the nucleus. Nucleons are any particle within the nucleus.
Neutrons = neutral
Protons = +
Electrons = -
An atom has a charge of zero because there is an equal charge, meaning there is always an equal or the same number of protons to electrons.
ISOTOPES-
They are variations on the same kind of element.
To tell which to are isotopes of each other, they will have the same atomic number (same small number) but a different mass number (different large number). This is because there is a different number of neutrons :)
So isotopes have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons to each other!!
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION-
Electrons exist in layers known as shells.
1st shell = 2 electrons max.
2nd shell = 8 electrons max.
3rd shell = 8 electrons max.
would be written like 2, 8, 8. :)
Group 1 elements have 1 electron in the outer most shell, which are lost during chemical reactions.
The outer shell is further from the nucleus and you go down the group so they are lost more easily, this is why the reactivity increases as you go downwards.
GROUPS = VERTICAL
PERIODS = HORIZONTAL
Remember -> My way, is weird...AND IT's A WARNING... periods -.- girls...we get them in days next to each other... -.- so it's horizontal...get it? -.- NVM!!!! -.- GAHH!!
ALKALI METALS-
Group 1 metals are known as 'Alkali metals'
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Rubidium
Caesium
Fracium
[They are reactive with oxygen and water so have to be stored in oil.]
Any reaction with water produces hydrogen oxide.
Sodium + water -> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
{{{{{They are alkali metals not because they're alkali, it's the solution that is made from its reaction that is alkaline, not the metal itself!!!}}}}}
RADIOACTIVITY-
Nuclear fission is the splitting of an atom, this produces energy but also radioactive rays. Alpha, beta and gamma rays.
Fast moving neutrons which release energy split the nucleus.
From the diagram above, that would be how power plants work, but by producing nuclear energy from fission, you produce enough heat and energy that can boil water and produce steam!! Which means no need for that fire there :)
It's good because 1. No carbon dioxide 2. A lot of energy
Bad because 1. Dangerous, you can die O_O NOOOOOO 2. Expensive -.- I like my money. 3. A lot of radio active waste... O_O Does it glow?? O_O Ben 10 LOL.
METALS and NON-METALS
Properties of metals =
-Good conductors of heat and electricity.
-High melting and boiling point (not mercury, though.)
-Shiny when cut.
-Sonorous when hit (this means it produces a sound when you bang it :D duh!? -.-)
-Mixed together to form alloys.
-Strong and dense, maybe like someone you know? Or like a dependable nice guy :D
-Malleable - can be hammered flat into sheets - like aluminium foil :)
-Ductile - I can make it into a thin wire :) like those copper wires...that you see when you break your ear phones T^T Yes, that does mean it's broken...
Some are magnetic (iron, cobalt and nickel)
REACTIVITY SERIES-
Remember the ones you were given....
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Copper
Silver
Gold
Remember -> PSC MAC ZIL CSG - first two are easy. PSC - Patana Student Convention, MAC, no I use PC. ZIL...Zeu, Irene and LOL. HAHA CSG - Copper, Silver, Gold...it gets more expensive -.-
Reaction-> It is more reactive so it will take away the oxygen from the other.
Displacement reaction-->
=These reactions are two metals competing to be combined with a non-metal.
=The more reactive metal wins the competition and becomes part of a compound.
=The less reactive is displaced so is left as a metal as the end of the reaction.
=A more reactive metal is higher up in the reactivity series.
Remember-> EVERYBODY HATES BEING METAL :D
EG. Magnesium (more reactive) + copper sulphate (copper is less reactive) -> magnesium sulphate + copper (copper is displaced, because magnesium won. EWW it's a metal O_O)
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